We spent a few days in Beijing when we were in China last summer, the traffic (and related smog) were awful. Not sure if it was that exact same spot, but I remember going through one checkpoint/toll booth & thinking "holy #$@% there's a lot of lanes on this road".
Chatted with our tour guide quite a bit about the traffic (while on the tour bus, stuck in traffic). In an attempt to alleviate it, 5 or so years ago they went to a lottery system for issue of new vehicle registrations. The rules vary by area/population (in rural areas they don't have any problems); Beijing is the most difficult to get a registration. You can't even apply for one unless you've lived in the district for a few years (think she said minimum of 3 years residence). Then you have to document that you can afford the purchase of the vehicle and be able to pay cash for the registration (which is more than the cost of most new vehicles). If you can do that, you go into the lottery, with about 1.5 million other applicants. They issue about 15k to 20k new registrations in a given months.
If you get a registration, you're still subject to limits on driving such that you aren't allowed to drive on one day a week, enforced via traffic cameras. Penalty for being on the road on your park day is laddered, so first offense is a small fine but it escalates quickly for repeat offenders.
She said in Shanghai they use a different method for limiting - the cost of a registration is absurdly high, such that if you aren't fairly wealthy you can't afford the registration.