If I follow, you are wondering if people who get breakthrough infections have a weaker immune response. Is that correct?
We know that there is a boost in immunity when receiving the vaccine after being infected. Interesting question about reversing that order tho, and I certainly don't have that answer. Per this newly released
NPR article:
So what about a person's level of protection for the opposite scenario — when a fully vaccinated person later has a breakthrough infection? "You would presumably have superior immunity at this point," says Dr. Gregory Poland, director of the Mayo Clinic's Vaccine Research Group.
Most likely, this brand of hybrid immunity would rival what's seen in people who recovered from COVID-19 and then got vaccinated, but there could be subtle differences in the details of the immune response, says Wherry. "But these things that might be different may not matter for any given person to ward off the next infection."
All of this needs to be studied to arrive at a more conclusive answer.
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Per
this preprint:
ABSTRACT
Background
A cluster of over a thousand infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant was identified in a predominantly fully vaccinated population in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021. Immune responses in breakthrough infections with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant remain to be defined.
Methods
Humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed in 35 vaccinated individuals who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 in the Massachusetts Department of Public Health outbreak investigation.
Results
Vaccinated individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated substantially higher antibody responses than vaccinated individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2, including 28-fold higher binding antibody titers and 34-fold higher neutralizing antibody titers against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. Vaccinated individuals who tested positive also showed 4.4-fold higher Spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant than vaccinated individuals who tested negative.
Conclusions
Fully vaccinated individuals developed robust anamnestic antibody and T cell responses following infection with the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. These data suggest important immunologic benefits of vaccination in the context of breakthrough infections.