The more we learn about how our brain's work, the more this needs to be hammered into demands for reform. We're not reforming small time criminals by treating them harshly, we're simply creating hardened criminals; especially when we're talking juveniles.
Prisons shouldn't be country clubs, but they should be focused on reforming people, healing them of the mental strains that lead to crime (Quite often having grown up in highly stressful, violent, dangerous homes and neighborhoods); helping with education so that job prospects are possible, and then even wiping records clean so their entire future isn't ruined because of a bad choice they made as a youth.
In addition, things like Solitary confinement should be 100% illegal, and criminal if used on youth who's brains are still developing, but the effects it does to even an adult brain are terrible. Surprise, taking a young person, throwing them in a prison surrounded by many other violent, angry men, and then treating them to long bout's of isolation leads to massively enlarged amygdala's and massively shrunken Anterior Cingulate Cortex's which leads to young men who are fearful, angry, lack compassion and empathy, and prone to violent reactions and loss of self control. If we can create policies that actually work to do the opposite in brains, we might actually be able to release reformed men who have empathy and compassion for their fellow human being and who desire to see positive change in their neighborhoods.